Title :
A coherent multiple frequency estimator and its applications in synthesis-analysis audio watermarking
Author :
Yi-Wen Liu ; Smith, Jeffrey O.
Author_Institution :
Stanford University
Abstract :
Summary form only given. The paper extends our previous work on single parameter watermarking to the multiple parameter case. Watermarks are embedded in multiple sinusoidal tracks via frequency quantization index modulation (F-QIM), and extracted by a coherent multiple frequency estimator using Newton´s method. Experiments are conducted subject to MP3 attacks and, in an 8-track sinusoidal synthesis-analysis setup, above bits/sec of data hiding is consistently achieved with error correction. Furthermore, the frequency estimator´s performance is compared against the fundamental limit of the inverse Fisher information.
Keywords :
Newton method; audio coding; data encapsulation; error correction; frequency estimation; modulation; quantisation (signal); watermarking; MP3 attacks; Newton method; coherent multiple frequency estimator; error correction; frequency quantization index modulation; inverse Fisher information; multiple sinusoidal tracks; synthesis-analysis audio watermarking; Data encapsulation; Data mining; Digital audio players; Error correction; Frequency estimation; Frequency modulation; Frequency synthesizers; Newton method; Quantization; Watermarking;
Conference_Titel :
Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, 2003 IEEE Workshop on.
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-7850-4
DOI :
10.1109/ASPAA.2003.1285851