GPS-Free Disaster-Scale Mapping and Energy-Efficient Alerting Scheme in a Wireless Sensor Network

In this paper, we present a disaster-scale mapping and energy-efficient alerting scheme that can be used in disaster monitoring environments that are prone to node failure and destruction due to the occurrence of disasters, and are generally deprived of GPS capabilities and or availability. The mapping scheme is able to provide a distributed mean of monitoring and reporting disaster´s location which is triggered by failure of sensor nodes due to their inevitable destruction. Upon reporting, not only the location of the disaster, but also the disaster´s scale with regard to the approximate area size, is calculated at the sink using the information received via nodes that detect their failed neighbors. The mapping scheme is designed so that the sink is able to obtain the location of sensor nodes simply from their unique duple-IDs.