High harmonic excitations in relativistic electron-beam propagation

In this paper, we reinvestigate the properties of the electron beam propagation, particularly concentrating on high harmonic excitations caused by the beam current modulation during propagation, harmonic modes are generated in power klystrons. Propagation properties of intense relativistic electron beams have been investigated for various applications including high power microwave generations and amplifications, sterilizations, electron beam weldings, electron beam sputterings, and beam-plasma interactions. Theoretical model of the harmonic excitations in the beam current modulation is developed by self-consistent nonlinear theory.