Medium wave propagation in Middle East

After providing background material on the ionospheric propagation of radio waves, the author discusses a plan for a new medium-wave transmitter for operation in the Middle East. It is noted that, to plan for the new medium-wave transmitter, the field strengths of existing and planned transmitters have to be calculated. The propagation of a medium-wave signal has two modes: ground-wave and sky-wave propagations. An effort is made to compare measurement results with ground-wave curves and the equations and parameters used in the ionospheric reflections. It is pointed out that it is important to have data specialized to the Middle East because its geological conditions are different from those of the surrounding regions, i.e. Europe and Middle Africa.<>