Factors limiting the accuracy of Doppler and Adcock direction finding systems

A general review is given of the various causes of error in direction finders (DF) on the basis of two specific and widely used DF-methods: the Adcock/Watson-Watt and the Doppler-DF. The system-inherent errors (`natural DF-errors´ of the Adcock, multiwave incidence) are discussed and the influence of the errors on the antennas and receivers is considered