Propagation modeling dependent on frequency and distance for mobile communications via high altitude platforms (HAPs)

In this paper, propagation modeling and performance analysis on the HAPs are obtained. Elevation angle is the dominant parameter on the model. All possible propagation environments are divided into four groups: suburban (SU), urban (U), dense urban (DU) and urban high rise (UHR). These groups are modeled using well-known statistical models with a dependence on elevation angle. The main parameters are the elevation angle, Rayleigh and Ricean propagation factors, and percentage of time a given fade depth is exceeded. To observe the effects of the parameters on the model, the correlation coefficients between model parameters and the fade depth are calculated. This new HAP model contains two cases-line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) between a HAP and a user. In a conclusion, obtained models are combined with free space path loss and full formulations of total path loss for the four possible HAPs propagation environments at three different frequencies (2, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz) are given.