A reactive-proactive approach for solving dynamic scheduling with time-varying number of Tasks

Any system (whether in the area of finance, manufacturing, administration, etc.) that operates in a dynamic environment needs to be adaptive to changes; it should also anticipate possible adverse events to remain competitive. In our previous research in this area we experimented with one particular approach: Mapping of Task ID for Centroid-Based Adaptation with Random Immigrants (McBAR) to address problems of environmental changes for Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling (RCPS) problem, especially when the latter involves changes in task numbers. However, at that time, McBAR was applied as reactive tool only. In this paper we extend McBAR approach to the RCPS problem in a proactive-reactive way. The system handles also three competing objectives: cost, makespan, and the risk of failure. We have not found any papers that deal with risk on the RCPS problem and utilize the attributes of plans from the past environmental changes. This particular aspect is incorporated in McBAR - experimental results indicate the efficiency of such approach in finding optimal solutions for a current change. In this paper we also analyze, under the effects of environmental dynamics, the variation of risk computed via McBAR and of parameters related to optimization. Further, we compare McBAR to other Evolutionary Algorithm approach in the same problem.