Alternative approaches to time critical communication

It is becoming apparent that in their present form the OSI standards cannot readily accommodate time-critical applications and that major changes will be required if real-time applications are to be successfully implemented on OSI networks. It is now becoming apparent that initiatives to define ideal architectures capable of achieving particular absolute performance will never solve the problems of time-critical communications in all applications. Therefore it is relevant to reappraise the role of the network in time critical communications and provide guidelines for integrators to assist them in achieving an appropriate implementation for a specific application