Integrated protection and auto-reclose control of source circuit breakers

Since the beginning of the electricity supply industry, power system protection have been designing and specifying protection and control schemes using a `building block´ approach, whereby discrete relays, more often than not from more than one manufacturer, are assembled and wired together to produce a complete control panel. Because of its inherent advantages, future protection relays of all types will utilise the `integrated protection´ technique. The author examines the integrated protection and auto-reclose control of source circuit breakers