Title :
On the evidential value of fingerprints
Author :
Choi, Heeseung ; Nagar, Abhishek ; Jain, Anil K.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA
Abstract :
Fingerprint evidence is routinely used by forensics and law enforcement agencies worldwide to apprehend and convict criminals, a practice in use for over 100 years. The use of fingerprints has been accepted as an infallible proof of identity based on two premises: (i) permanence or persistence, and (ii) uniqueness or individuality. However, in the absence of any theoretical results that establish the unique ness or individuality of fingerprints, the use of fingerprints in various court proceedings is being questioned. This has raised awareness in the forensics community about the need to quantify the evidential value of fingerprint matching. A few studies that have studied this problem estimate this evidential value in one of two ways: (i) feature modeling, where a statistical (generative) model for fingerprint features, primarily minutiae, is developed which is then used to estimate the matching error and (ii) match score modeling, where a set of match scores obtained over a database is used to estimate the matching error rates. Our focus here is on match score modeling and we develop metrics to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed evidential measure. Compared to previous approaches, the proposed measure allows explicit utilization of prior odds. Further, we also incorporate fingerprint image quality to improve the reliability of the estimated evidential value.
Keywords :
fingerprint identification; image matching; law; police data processing; statistical analysis; evidential value estimation; feature modeling; fingerprint evidence; fingerprint evidential value; fingerprint image quality; fingerprint matching; forensics community; infallible proof-of-identity; law enforcement agencies; match score modeling; matching error estimation; statistical model;
Conference_Titel :
Biometrics (IJCB), 2011 International Joint Conference on
Conference_Location :
Washington, DC
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4577-1358-3
Electronic_ISBN :
978-1-4577-1357-6
DOI :
10.1109/IJCB.2011.6117550