Decentralized charging algorithm for electrified vehicles connected to smart grid

Intelligent management of power generation and dispatching is important when renewable energy sources and electrified vehicles (EV/PHEV) are introduced to the grid. Intermittency of renewable power and vehicle charging loads disturbs power supply and demand and could cause instability. Fortunately, EV/PHEV can be connected as controllable load or even used as energy storage, which makes it possible to reduce their negative impact and can even be explored to improve grid resilience. By coordinating power generation and charging, it is possible to reduce power generation cost and carbon emission. To improve practicality, a decentralized charging algorithm is formulated by emulating the charging pattern identified through linear programming (LP) optimization solutions. The resulting decentralized control algorithm is a function of forecasted total power demand on the grid, estimated number of vehicles, estimated EV/PHEV plug off time, and state of charge of the vehicle battery. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed decentralized algorithm.