2pm/V in Poled Bismuth-Zinc-Borate High Index Glass

This paper demonstrates 2 pm/V in poled bismuth-zinc-borate glass planar waveguides. The innovative sample configuration, which provides a 4-fold improvement in the induced chi⁽²⁾ compared to bulk glasses, is suggested by a poling model that takes into account both ionic and electronic conduction. The second-order nonlinearity chi⁽²⁾ is found to be limited by the onset of nonlinear conductivity. Thus, this work serves as a basis to a further enhancement of chi⁽²⁾ through tailoring the nonlinear conductivity via the glass composition and preparation.