Applying indium oxide nanowires as sensitive and selective redox protein sensors

Field effect transistors (FET) made of indium oxide (In₂O₃) nanowires have been demonstrated as sensitive chemical sensors for gases such as NO₂ and NH₃. We hereby, utilize In₂O₃ nanowires to detect redox proteins, specifically; low density lipoprotein (LDL) and cytochrome C. Oxidative modification of LDL is one of the fundamental processes resulting in cardiovascular disease. Cytochrome C is an important electron transporter for intracellular respiration. Measurements under static and flow conditions revealed that exposure of nanowires to these redox proteins selectively changed the FET conductivity and the gating effect of the transistors.