Management of the lead acid battery in the motor car

The motor car battery has been maintained, during use, at an high state-of-charge. The drain due to lighting and ancillary functions has been offset by charging from the running engine. Starting imposes a severe discharge for very short periods; this loss, from well-charged cells has been recoverable without damage to the battery. The objectives of the present study were to assess the feasibility of measuring state-of-charge in lead-acid cells by an internal sensor and to consider what complementary information is necessary and available. Both external and internal monitoring methods are considered