Analysis of fractal arrays generated using a 3 × 3 subarray generator

Fractal arrays are, in our context, a class of antenna arrays with self-similar structure. This means that parts of the whole structure are similar to the whole. This paper analyze a fractal array generated using a 3×3 subarray where on of the elements of the subarray is randomly turned off. The performance of the fractal array can be determined by many parameters, two of which are array factor and directivity. Array factor and directivity are computed for various expansion ratios of 1, 2, and 3.