Inter-organizational technology transfer: the case of the NSF science and technology centers

This article provides a brief overview of the National Science Foundation´s objectives in the formation of Science and Technology Centers at twenty-five U.S. Universities. Survey respondents at the centers and industry participants express conflicting opinions over what they define as technology transfer, effectiveness of technology transfer, and factors and methods for facilitating technology transfer. Four levels of technology transfer are defined and include research and development, technology acceptance, technology implementation, and technology utilization