Universal voltage-mode biquadratic filter with one-input five-output using five OTAs, two grounded capacitors and one resistor

This paper presents a new tunable universal voltage-mode biquadratic filter with one-input five-output employing six operational transconductance amplifiers, one resistor and two grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit provides low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop, all-pass filters without changing circuit topology. The natural frequency can be electronically controlled. The filter also offers low active and passive sensitivities. PSPICE simulation results are included to verify the theoretical analysis.