First principle measurements of thermal emittance for copper and magnesium

There are growing interests in generation, preservation and applications of high brightness electron beam. With the rapid development in the techniques for emittance compensation, laser shaping and generation of ellipsoidal beam, we are approaching the limit--the uncorrelated thermal emittance. In this paper, we describe the design of the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for measurements of thermal emittance for Cu and Mg. The measurement is conducted in a field-free region. The energy spectrum and angular distribution of the electrons will be measured immediately after its emission and further used to reconstruct the initial phase space and the corresponding thermal emittance. We also show how cathode surface roughness and laser incidence angle as well as its polarization state affect the quantum efficiency and thermal emittance.