Layer-by-layer coated capsules for efficient and directed electron transfer

We present a concept, where this effect is used to implement a stepwise electron transfer with the direction given by a polarity gradient i.e. increasing solvatation. The layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes can be used to build such a structure if dye-doped polyelectrolytes with increasing polarity are deposited onto charged colloids. Finally the basic colloids are removed, providing the electron transfer (ET)-system on nanometer scale on capsules with a diameter of 2 μm.