Study of non-relativistic klystron amplifier using a 1D time domain lagrangian code considering both ac and dc space charge effects

In this work, we present a simple and fast 1D time domain code for the simulation of a nonrelativistic multi-cavity klystron. The main features of this code are the consideration of both ac and dc space charge forces and a progressive convergence of the voltage in each interaction gap. The amplitude of the gap voltage is weighted by a factor depending on the gap geometry. A comparison between simulated and experimental data available in the literature is presented in order to validate the code.