A Long-Term Model of the Glucose–Insulin Dynamics of Type 1 Diabetes

A new glucose-insulin model is introduced which fits with the clinical data from in- and outpatients for two days. Its stability property is consistent with the glycemia behavior for type 1 diabetes. This is in contrast to traditional glucose-insulin models. Prior models fit with clinical data for a few hours only or display some nonnatural equilibria. The parameters of this new model are identifiable from standard clinical data as continuous glucose monitoring, insulin injection, and carbohydrate estimate. Moreover, it is shown that the parameters from the model allow the computation of the standard tools used in functional insulin therapy as the basal rate of insulin and the insulin sensitivity factor. This is a major outcome as they are required in therapeutic education of type 1 diabetic patients.