An Enhanced Immune-Annealing Algorithm for Mixed-Integer Optimal Power Flow

This paper presents an enhanced immune annealing algorithm (EIAA) for the solution of the optimal power flow based on Equivalent Current-Injection (ECIOPF) with both continuous and discrete control variables that was called mixed-integer optimal power flow (MIOPF). The continuous control variables modeled are unit active power outputs and generator-bus voltage magnitudes, while the discrete ones are transformer-tap settings and shunt capacitor devices. The feasibility of the proposed method is exhibited for standard IEEE 30 bus system, and it is compared with other stochastic methods in terms of solution quality, convergence property, and computation efficiency.