Multiply universal filter based CCCII and OTA using minimum elements

A new universal voltage-mode (VM) filter structure employing the second-generation current controlled conveyor (CCCII) and operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with triple-inputs and single-output terminal, it can realize five basic second-order filter functions from the same configuration. The minimum elements are employed in the circuit: one CCCII, one OTA and two capacities. It´s compatible with VLSI technology since no resistance is employed in the circuit. The inner structure of CCCII and OTA are given, and the simulation results have been carried out by PSPICE to verify the theory.