Development and validation of differentiated and undifferentiated Meta-PSO Techniques for electromagnetics

Some variations of the particle swarm optimization are here proposed in order to increase the efficiency of the search over the solution space with a negligible overhead in the algorithm complexity and speed. The recently developed Differentiated and Undifferentiated Meta-PSO Technique have been compared in terms of capability and speed of convergence by their application to different test functions; analyses of the optimization technique performances are provided, with respect to the standard PSO convergence rate. Moreover, this paper presents the application of the developed procedures to the optimization of a linear array antenna for mobile dual-band applications.