Integratable antennas for millimeter-wave fiber-wireless applications

In this paper we explore two procedures for integrating antenna, RF and photonic functions into compact modules. We focus on indirect integration, where functions of the sub-system are developed on separate materials, however the overall module shares a common housing, and direct integration, where some of the functions of the module are integrated within the same material. Two design cases highlighting these different approaches are presented for high frequency fiber wireless systems.