Measurement sensors in an electric vehicles

The decrease of fossil energy and increase of available renewable energy places the Electric Vehicle (EV) into a new point of view as a modern transport system for individual mobility. Whether you live in a town or on the countryside different energy sources within EVs offer a wide range of usability. Anyway the resulting energy being used by the engine is electrical energy [1], [2]. Electric energy needs to be constantly monitored to be controlled within the machine. At this it does not matter whether it is an asynchronous or a permanent excited synchronous machine (PMSM) [3] or even any other. To offer a control with a high accuracy you need suitable sensors. As sensors in cars are one of the most strained components and simultaneously the most important devices to observe any process, they need to be robust and high noise immune. Especially due to outside influences they need to be able to find errors and even correct these. Furthermore they need to be notably fast. A newly designed Sensor [4] [5] with a decentralize measurement unit which offers a robust value transmission is now applied to electric vehicles. This high-quality sensor is necessary for systems like the electric vehicle. Being applied to the electric vehicle the sensors offer a cheap option to measure all currents and voltages in the phases and if available of the battery system. The advantages and benefits as well as the limitations of the measurement system within the electric vehicle are analyzed in this paper. Therefore the drive train is build up with an ideal energy source to which an inverter is applied. The sensors are applied to the three phases of the electrical machine. Finally the control system receives the measured signals and controls the IGBTs of the inverter. To avoid having a special case there are different pulsing methods applied to the drive train. As a pulse-width-modulation [6]-[8] the symmetric sinus modulation as well as the flat-top modulation is applied. Further more a h- steresis controller [9] is applied for the stator orientated space vector system.