Independent triangles set-based watermarking for 3D models

An independent triangles set-based watermarking algorithm using singular value decomposition (SVD) is presented in this paper. In this algorithm, a 3D model is taken as a model that consists of triangular meshes, and we select the triangles called independent triangles set (ITS) to generate a Hankel matrix and apply SVD on it, then watermarks are embedded by modulating singular values. The watermarks that embedded by this method are resistant to similarity transformations and random noises. We prove that the proposed algorithm using ITS as embedding primitive is more robust than those using vertex coordinates discussed in other papers, and the experimental results corroborate it as well. In addition, when detect the watermarks, we only use some keys instead of the original model, so it is a blind watermarking algorithm too.