The lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) breakdown current reconstruction by the leader and return stroke TEM multi-fractal model

This paper presents a uniform model for the LEMP breakdown current normalized waveform reconstruction based on the lightning TEM multi-fractal model. Firstly, the length of the lightning discharging channel is estimated by the lightning engineering model and the coaxial transmission line (TL) model. Secondly, the lightning length model and the TEM multi-fractal model are applied to the lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) breakdown current waveform reconstruction with the first and subsequent return strokes. Finally, it is found that the LEMP breakdown current waveform can be taken as an envelope of a sum of a series of superposed leaders or strokes sub-discharging breakdown currents with the overlapped life time.