Georeferencing of multi-line CCD array optical sensors with a general photogrammetric model

This paper describes a general sensor model for the georeferencing of imagery from CCD linear array sensors with along-track stereo viewing. The software combines the standard photogrammetric triangulation with a sensor external orientation modeling and self-calibration. The sensor attitude and position, which are different for each image-line, are modeled with time-dependent piecewise polynomial functions while the systematic errors due to lens distortions are described by additional parameters. In case of sensors whose optical system consists of more lenses, the collinearity equations are extended in order to include additional parameters describing the relative orientations of each lens. Using ground control points and, additionally, tie points (TPs), the functions parameters and the ground coordinates of the TPs are estimated in a least-squares adjustment. The described procedures have been applied to imagery from different CCD linear sensors carried on airplane and satellite. In particular, the results obtained with MOMS-P2 imagery are presented and discussed.