3D FDTD modeling of multi-scale structures at low frequencies

Full Wave 3D electromagnetic modeling at low frequencies is an issue which still remains unresolved for a number of multi-scale problems, such as logging while drilling (LWD), modeling of brain waves, and EMI/EMC in electronic packages. All of the traditional computational methods, including the method of moments (MoM), finite element method (FEM), and the finite difference time domain method (FDTD) breakdown at such low frequencies. In this paper we present an approach for low frequency FDTD modeling, which is useful for the applications mentioned above.