Low grazing angle propagation above rough surface by the parabolic wave equation

In this communication, shadowing effects from rough surfaces are introduced in forward propagation computed by a parabolic wave equation (pwe) method. The discrete mixed Fourier transform is used, taking into account a surface impedance boundary condition. The surface impedance is computed from a rough surface reflection coefficient including shadowing effect at grazing angle. In the computation, shadowing is introduced through a shadowed distribution of the illuminated surface height.