A lightweight adaptive multicast algorithm

In this paper, we present a multicast protocol which is built upon the temporally-ordered routing algorithm (TORA). The protocol-termed the lightweight adaptive multicast (LAM) routing algorithm-is designed for use in a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) and, conceptually, can be thought of as an integration of the CORE based tree (CBT) multicast routing protocol and TORA. The direct coupling of LAM and TORA increases reaction efficiency (lowering protocol control overhead) as the new protocol can benefit from TORA´s mechanisms while reacting to topological changes. Also during periods of stable topology and constant group membership, the LAM protocol does not introduce any additional overhead because it does not require timer-based messaging during its execution