Low power quadrature generation using injection-locked ring oscillator divider

A low power high frequency quadrature generator is described. The circuit output frequency is locked at one-fourth of the input injection frequency and provides quadrature output signals. The circuit can be used as the first stage of a phase switching prescaler or as a divider with a divide value of two in the quadrature mixer of a transceiver. For -2 dBm injection level, circuit works properly in all process corners and a temperature range of -20degC to +100degC with maximum 3 GHz operation frequency while its locking range is over than 1 GHz. Power consumption at maximum frequency is 528 muW at the supply voltage of 1.5 V.