FPGA optimized packet-switched NoC using split and merge primitives

Due to their different cost structures, the architecture of switches for an FPGA packet-switched Network-on-a-Chip (NoC) should differ from their ASIC counterparts. The CONNECT network recently demonstrated several ways in which packet-switched FPGA NoCs should differ from ASIC NoCs. However, they also concluded that pipelining was not appropriate for the FPGA switches.We show that the Split-Merge switch architecture is more amenable to pipelining on FPGAs, achieving 300MHz operation-up to three times the frequency and throughput of the CONNECT switches-with only 13-37% more area. Furthermore, we show that the Split-Merge switches are at least as efficient at routing traffic as the CONNECT switches, meaning the 2-3× frequency translates directly into two to three times the application performance.