Maximum loadability limit of power systems using different particle swarm optimization techniques

The efficient method to assess the static voltage stability is maximum loadability limit (MLL). Loadability problem is formulated as an optimization problem considering both equality and inequality constraints. Three particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques namely general PSO, Adaptive PSO (APSO) and Chaotic PSO (CPSO) are developed to obtain maximum loadability limit under voltage limits and reactive power generation limits. In APSO method, PSO-parameters are made adaptive with the problem and chaos is incorporated in CPSO method to obtain faster & reliable convergence. All methods are applied on standard IEEE 14 bus, 30 bus & 57 bus test systems to show their effectiveness & efficiencies.