A new method for monitoring ammonium nitrate contamination in natural water sources based on independent component analysis

Author

Yunus, Mohd Amri Md ; Mukhopdhyay, S.

Author_Institution

Sch. of Eng. & Adv. Technol., Massey Univ., Palmerston North, New Zealand

fYear

2011

fDate

28-31 Oct. 2011

Firstpage

1066

Lastpage

1069

Abstract

A system that measures impedance of a novel planar electromagnetic sensor successfully estimated the amount of ammonium and nitrate contaminations in natural water sources with the use of independent component analysis. The system employs a planar electromagnetic sensor which is simple to construct, reliable, and low cost. In this paper we have reported the achievement of extending the detecting capabilities of the sensor using independent component analysis to estimate ammonium nitrate contamination in water sources supply with good accuracy. The outcomes show a very good estimation of contamination level with the output response of the sensor and independent component analysis method.

Keywords

ammonium compounds; chemical sensors; contamination; electric impedance measurement; electric sensing devices; electromagnetic devices; independent component analysis; magnetic sensors; water resources; NH₄NO₃; ammonium nitrate contamination level estimation; ammonium nitrate contamination monitoring; impedance measurement; independent component analysis method; natural water source supply; planar electromagnetic sensor; Contamination; Electromagnetics; Impedance; Independent component analysis; Integrated circuits; Rivers; Water pollution;

fLanguage

English

Publisher

ieee

Conference_Titel

Sensors, 2011 IEEE

Conference_Location

Limerick

ISSN

1930-0395

Print_ISBN

978-1-4244-9290-9

Type

conf

DOI

10.1109/ICSENS.2011.6127249

Filename

6127249