Causes of degradation of C/N and its mitigation in Satcom

To optimize carrier to noise ratio (C/N) in satellite communication system is a complex process requiring compromises between many factors to achieve the best performance at an acceptable cost. In the present world GEO satellites carry the vast majority of the world´s satellite traffic; therefore priority is to be given for optimum utilization of space segment, transponder downlink EIRP and for the minimum requirement of C/N. In this paper we performed experiments by varying some of the entities which play a vital role in improving the C/N and observed the complete physical changes affecting the overall performance of C/N. Using such results based upon our work we performed a theoretical predictions on some of the major problems experienced by the satellite users which includes losses and attenuation by rain or by equipments, outage of the system etc. Results of these theoretical predictions acted as an impetus in knowing that the mismanagement in calculation of C/N in Satcom lead to vital problems such as interference, cross polarization of the antenna and rising of the noise floor of transponder etc.