Laboratory and in-flight spectrometer calibration technique in visible and near infrared spectral ranges

The optics remote sensing instruments are used extensively in airspace monitoring of environment and in industry control processes as well. As different researchers and manufacturers attempt to provide a solution to the universal problem of obtaining reliable data, the differences in measured absolute values may arise. Those differences may occur due to the instrument technology, processing procedures, calibration procedures and sources. In-flight absolute calibration is important also because of changes in response of optical sensors with time