Optimal load shedding methodologies in power systems

The current status of research on load shedding techniques is reviewed and the importance of relay setting is discussed. Alternatives for the future are also proposed. Future schemes should be able to precisely identify overload on a system and shed the necessary amount of load. The number of load-shedding steps and the amount of load shed each step should be computed online in the future; it will, therefore, be necessary to estimate, online, the average rate of frequency change and the system inertia, as well as a prediction of the frequency characteristic after each step. These suggestions should be useful in reducing overshooting phenomena of the normal 60-Hz operating frequency