Title :
Microfabricated atomic frequency references
Author :
Knappe, S. ; Schwindt, P. ; Shah, V. ; Hollberg, L. ; Kitching, J. ; Liew, L. ; Moreland, J.
Author_Institution :
Time & Frequency Div., NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
Abstract :
We report on the fabrication of a physics package for a chip-scale atomic clock with a volume of 9.5 mm3, consuming 75 mW of power. The design is described in detail and is strongly motivated by the goal of wafer-level fabrication and assembly. A fractional frequency instability of 2.4 × 10-10 at one second of integration is demonstrated; the long-term drift is -2 × 10-8/day. We discuss the performance of the clock at short and long integration times as well as its power consumption, and suggest possible improvements.
Keywords :
atomic clocks; chip scale packaging; frequency standards; power consumption; 75 mW; chip-scale atomic clock; integration times; microfabricated atomic frequency references; performance; physics package; power consumption; wafer-level fabrication; Assembly; Atomic beams; Atomic clocks; Chip scale packaging; Fabrication; Frequency; Laser theory; NIST; Physics; Wafer scale integration;
Conference_Titel :
Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition, 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International
Print_ISBN :
0-7803-8414-8
DOI :
10.1109/FREQ.2004.1418433
