A generalization of multiple and high-order scattering formulations in models for rough surface scattering

The paper focuses on two basic concepts, the high order scattering, proposed due to the high order solution of analytic scattering formulations, and the multiple scattering, defined according to the physical mechanism, in frequently-mentioned models that describe scattering from a randomly rough surface. These two concepts are related in this paper through a review of widespread models on treating high order scattering, which leads to a conclusion that high order scattering can be expressed as multiple scattering among different frequency components of the rough surface. Based on the conclusion, a general model, with a form refined from the involved models and several parameters to be given from experimental data, is presented.