An Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Considering limited energy characteristic of wireless sensor networks, this paper propose an improved cluster head selection algorithm based on distributed stochastic LEACH routing protocol. This improved algorithm takes full account of the residual energy of node and the position information of the cluster-head, using the knowledge of probability theory and mathematical statistics, in a specific region calculating the cluster-head number that making energy consumption over the whole network is the less. Through the computer simulation, the new algorithm was compared with LEACH routing algorithm. Using the LEACH algorithm, nodes begin dying at 350 rounds; and using the improved algorithm, nodes begin dying until 730 rounds. The LEACH algorithm consumes 13 J through 350 rounds; the improved algorithm only consumes 5.8 J. Energy consumption is lower 53% than the LEACH algorithm in this period. It is obviously that the improved algorithm saves the node energy and prolongs the life-cycle of the entire network.