Application of PKC-based digital watermarking model against false-accusation

Digital watermarking is the enabling technology to prove ownership on copyrighted product, and it monitor the usage of them, even trace them back to the user with embedding of unique buyer identification(ID) as a part of watermark into them. This threat of detection will deter users from releasing unauthorized copies. A problem arises when the seller is untruthful, he has a chance to use the digital watermarking with the buyer ID maliciously and make the buyer receive false-accusation. In this paper, an improved digital watermarking scheme is introduced to prevent false-accusation to an honest buyer, which combined with the advantage of PKC (public key certificate) so that it fits for the on-line transaction and helps to realize secure e-commerce. Furthermore, the extended application of this scheme is discussed.