Determining a user´s location in underground malls using opportunistic advertisement delivery systems

Recently there have been many proposals for methods of determining a location in a variety of environments for the purpose of navigation. Many services based on these methods have been provided. However, navigation services inside shopping malls, including underground malls, are still in the research stage. This paper presents an advertisement delivery system, called “OPAS,” and the service it provides. The system is based on mobile terminals held by shoppers in an underground mall. The terminals have a passing-by networking function. The paper also proposes location determination algorithms that make use of this system. An experimental OPAS has been built using a MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc NETwork) emulator and Android terminals, and has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed location determination algorithms.