Formal specification of particle Swarm Optimization using VDM-SL

Formal specification focuses on covering uncovered faults that would probably go ignored with traditional specification methods. The use of VDM (Vienna Development Method) to identify a system is a well known practice in formal specification. This paper presents an approach for the specification of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and formal specification language which is used for specification of cooperating organisms. Formal Specification can explain the problem in an improved way as compared to pure English. So, the current approach upgrades the previous approach by adding the more autonomous, intelligent and smart agent. At the beginning we will look at the case study which involves organisms (intelligent agents) in the form of multiple preys and set of predators. Our case study allows us to go through the characteristics of Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm which will be specified with the help of VDM. The paper specifies and illustrates the data type with their invariants and function with their pre and post condition in accordance with the case study.