State-space structures of ladder canonical forms

LADder form MOdeling (LADMO) is attracting an increasing amount of interest. The use of ladder forms (also referred to as lattice filters) is growing in the area of estimation, system identification, signal processing and related applications. While the advantages offered by ladder form implementations are by now quite well known, very little attention has been paid in the literature to the properties of the ladder forms from a system theoretic point of view.