Cylinder balancing of direct injection engines

This paper presents and compares different algorithms for cylinder balancing of a high speed direct injection engine. Cylinder imbalance can be caused by a multitude of factors, among which injector variability and imprecisions feature most prominently. Cylinder imbalance has a profound effect on the engine operation. Hence, many different sensed signals can be used as indicators. We discuss different algorithms and present simulation results on a cylinder-by-cylinder diesel direct injection engine model