Design of compact rectangular patch antenna using square grid and I shaped metamaterial

In this paper, design of compact rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) using square grid of rods and I shaped metamaterial is presented. To achieve miniaturization of reference patch antenna resonating at 5.2 GHz, I shaped metamaterial is embedded underneath the patch which shifts the resonating frequency to lower side at 4.36 GHz and thus provide 33% compactness in size. Embedding a square grid of rods beneath the patch provides dual band at 2.56 GHz and 4.03 GHz. Besides providing the compactness, both technique also improves the returns loss and enhances the bandwidth.