Constellation Labeling Maps for Low Error Floors

A constellation labeling map is the assignment of a bit pattern to each symbol in a signal-set constellation. In a system with bit-interleaved coded-modulation and iterative decoding and demodulation (BICM-ID), the error floor of the bit error rate is highly dependent on the labeling map. A simple class of labeling maps that significantly lower the error floors is presented. Examples show the applications of the proposed mapping to phase-shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK). Simulation results indicate that the proposed labeling maps are comparable to or better than other labeling maps in providing a low error floor. A major advantage of the proposed labeling maps is that they are easily generated.