Recommended modeling of power system governing response

Summary form only given. Power plant governing response is the prompt automatic increase in generation in response to decreases of system frequency. This governing response, also called primary frequency regulation, acts to preserve the balance between generation and load across the interconnected power system; it provides tight frequency control within 2 to 3 seconds after trips of units. Power plant governing response, the change in generation normalized by the change in frequency, has units of MW/Hz; it is commonly expressed in the US and Canada as MW per 0.1 Hz. Both power system operating and planning personnel have become increasingly aware of the fact that power plant governing response is considerably less than expected and planned for. This difference, "the governing problem" is seen after abrupt changes in generation or served load; the sustained component of the simulated response of system frequency is much closer to 60 Hertz than the recorded response. This presentation presents recordings of unit and interconnection response to events that illustrate: the nature of the governing problem from an interconnection view; individual unit responses, which suggest classes of nonresponsiveness; and results of simulations compared to recordings of the same events